Minimally Invasive Esophageal Procedures    
   

Question #1

A 42-year-old man has had a long history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). He has attempted many medication trials, with only minimal relief. A recent endoscopy revealed grade II esophagitis. He is considering surgery.

Which of the following studies should be performed before performing a laparoscopic fundoplication?

Please choose the single most appropriate answer to the question.
  1. Barium swallow
  2. Esophageal manometry
  3. Ambulatory pH monitoring
  4. All of the above